![]() ![]() Then the gravity that acts on him works for you to make him lean or fall. If you want to make him fall, you make him lose his balance that is, you cause his center of gravity to go outside the base. In judo, gravity may be represented as a force pulling the opponent downward. On the other hand, a larger gravity acts on him to make him fall. It is even more difficult for you to move him vertically. The heavier the opponent, the more difficult it is for you to move him horizontally. Now let us consider the application of the law of gravity to judo. All bodies in the universe attract one another. One of the laws at work here is the law of gravity. It is important to throw your opponent by making use of his loss of balance. If you do, your judo will become hard, heavy, slow, and ineffective. Since judo employs many forces, such as those of gravity, momentum, and friction, you must not mistake muscular force for the only effective one. As you observe, you will notice that the expert makes good use of many kinds of forces. Expert judo is characterized by a large variety of techniques. We can therefore understand that the exertion of a strong force means that muscles must act together by the use of the force of the waist and abdominal region. Defensively, too, it might be difficult to save yourself from your opponent's attack were it not for your ability to use all your muscular force. The same thing can be said about pinning or strangling. One of the important facts about judo is that successful employment of techniques is the result of total body muscular movement – as, for example, in the execution of seoinage. To make use of muscular force normally and effectively, you must study its nature. Although we can say that large muscular force is very convenient for breaking the opponent's posture in judo, muscular force alone does not encompass all the forces used in judo. He can carry a heavy block or lift it easily, whereas the same feat may be difficult for a smaller man. This is the large muscular force with which a big man is usually gifted. ![]() Besides that law, however, there is another factor that gives you advantage over a smaller opponent. According to Newton's second law of motion, you have an advantage over your opponent when your body is larger than his. How are they made use of in judo? Let us discuss two of them. We know that there are many kinds of force around us. Direction of pulls and timing of attacks are also of paramount importance to success. Kano stated the principle as "Maximum Efficiency, Minimum Effort". Get the greatest Mechanical Advantage you can. You will be able to see this applied in throws. (There is a third class of lever which does not have a Mechanical Advantage, but this will not concern us.)Īpplying this to turning an opponent about a line drawn perpendicularly down through his middle, you will see that the wider your hands are apart in gripping him for this purpose, the greater will be your Mechanical Advantage. The resistance divided by the effort is called the Mechanical Advantage of the lever. The effort you use multiplied by the distance from the point of support (fulcrum) is equal to the resistance you lift multiplied by its distance from the fulcrum. If you put a support under your crowbar, put one end under the object and press down on the other end, you are using it as a lever of the first class. If you rest the end on the ground, have the object a little way up the lever, and lift the other end of the bar, you are using your crowbar as a lever of the second class. You know how much easier it is to lift a heavy object by putting a crowbar under it. The second principle you should understand and think about is the action of levers. The point at which you could balance him on a support, in plain language. "Centre of Gravity" is a scientific term, and for those who are not familiar with it, it means the point at which a person's or an object's weight acts. ![]() Before you execute a throw you must break his balance by getting his center of gravity outside that circle. A man is on balance, you will find, if he stands upright, and keeps his centre of gravity inside a small circle drawn round his feet. Remember that when he is on balance he is strong, but off balance he is weak, providing you have retained your own balance to take advantage of his weakness. If you do that the stronger man will inevitably win. ![]() The first thing to learn is never to oppose strength to strength. Judo techniques enable a weak and small man to overcome a large and strong man because they are based on scientific principles such as leverage and balance. The basic principles of judo are easy to grasp and are essential for the person studying the technique of judo. ![]()
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